中新网评：美国众议长选举“连续剧”暴露美式民主痼疾******
中新网北京1月9日电(蒋鲤)在15轮投票表决后，美国众议院议长选举这场“连续剧”终于落下帷幕，众议院共和党领袖凯文•麦卡锡最终成功当选第55任美国众议院议长。这是美国国会过去164年来耗时最久的一次议长选举记录，将美国“对抗式民主”的弊端暴露无遗。
资料图：美国众议院共和党领袖麦卡锡。中新社记者 沙晗汀 摄由于两党对立加剧、党派内斗、利益分配不均等因素，众议长选举陷入一场拉锯战。在此次众议长竞选中，美国民主党议员继续抱团，多轮投票中，一票不投麦卡锡，共和党右翼“强硬派”领头的约20人小团体也拒绝投票麦卡锡。
麦卡锡的当选之路一波三折，除了本人的“政治投机派”角色在国会不受欢迎外，与共和党内部政治分歧关系密切。
一方面，共和党党内反对者认为，麦卡锡对民主党态度过于软弱，无力对抗民主党控制的参议院和拜登政府，另一方面，因为共和党的多数优势微弱，党内一些影响力较小的派系的政治力量则被放大，有利于他们巩固自己的选票。
此外，党内反对者也认为，自己的选票没有换取更多利益，希望以此作为筹码换取麦卡锡更大的让步，比如让他们获得众议院重要委员会中的职务。
作为仅次于美国总统、副总统的政坛三号人物，众议院议长通常由众议院多数党领袖担任，选举几乎没有悬念。然而，麦卡锡此次为当选，不得不做出多个关键让步，其中可能包括恢复一项罢黜议长动议机制，使得众议长的权力被削弱，难以掌控众议院。
美国有线电视新闻网CNN称，麦卡锡在这场不合时宜的政治勒索中作出让步，这种绥靖政策只会让极端主义势力更加强大。
这场引发全世界围观的尴尬选举暴露出美国政治存在严重的对立和分化。在权力博弈思维的裹挟下，党派利益凌驾于国家和人民利益之上，美国两党相互拆台，陷入“为反对而反对”的无脑对垒。而即便是一党内，也会因为利益分配问题产生不同的小派系，相互对抗，选票变成了谋利益的工具。
从国会山骚乱到打破记历史记录的15轮众议长选举，“对抗式民主”让美国政治陷入瓶颈，长期对抗势必会让政客们丧失客观公正的判断能力，其政治阶层是否有能力治理国家也会引发质疑。
两党之争和党派内斗进一步放大了美国政治体制弊病，美国所谓的“民主”形象，让全世界大跌眼镜。鼓吹以选民利益为先的美式选举，变成了政客们利益置换的游戏，进一步彰显出美国“民主政治”日渐失能，不断极化的党争已使美国政治制度陷入死循环。
House speaker election reveals deep-rooted problems in U.S. democracy
(ECNS) -- The Republican leader Kevin McCarthy was elected as the 55th speaker of the U.S. House of Representatives after 15 ballots. As the most grueling House speaker election in the past 164 years, the election has highlighted the defects of the country’s "confrontational democracy".
The election once reached a stalemate due to intense partisan strife, inner-party struggle among the Republicans, uneven distribution of interests, and more. Democratic Party members forged a close alliance, refusing to vote for McCarthy, while about 20 Republicans also declined to cast ballots for the GOP leader.
Except for his unpopular role as a "political speculator" in Congress, McCarthy’s hard-won election can be attributed to turmoil within the Republican Party.
On the one hand, opponents in the Republican Party believe that the GOP leader's attitude toward the Democrats is too weak to confront the Senate controlled by Democrats and the Biden administration.
On the other hand, the political power of some less influential factions in the Republican Party has been amplified due to the Party’s weak majority advantage in the House of Representatives, which is conducive to consolidating their ticket warehouses.
Meanwhile, these opponents believe that their votes failed to win them more benefits, hoping to use this as a bargaining chip for McCarthy's further concessions, such as getting them positions in important House Committees.
As the third political figure after the President and Vice President of the U.S., the speaker, by tradition, is the head of the majority party in the House of Representatives.
But McCarthy has made many concessions in order to bring the ultra conservatives along, involving what’s known as the “motion to vacate,” a mechanism by which members can force a vote to depose the speaker. The reported concessions will empower individual members at the expense of McCarthy’s sway as speaker.
CNN thought the concessions he made during this unseemly political shakedown would only make the extremist faction more powerful.
This embarrassing election, which has drawn global attention, exposed the serious opposition and polarization in American politics. Both Democrats and Republicans put their interests before that of the country and its people, attacking and opposing each other irrationally.
Besides, different factions arise within a single party and confront each other because of the distribution of interests. Votes have become a tool to win more benefits.
From Capitol riots to the House Speaker election with record-breaking ballots, "confrontational democracy" has become a bottleneck of American politics. Long-term confrontation will surely impede politicians to think objectively and fairly while their capacity of governing the country will also raise doubts among the public.
Both parties’ struggle and infighting among the Republicans have further amplified the defects of the American political system, with its "democratic" image shocking the world.
The U.S.-style election, which advocates putting voters' interests first, has become a game of interest exchange among politicians. In addition, it further demonstrates the malfunction of American "democratic politics" and the constantly polarized party struggle that has trapped the American political system into an infinite cycle.
天津湿地修复治理吸引候鸟“舞翩跹”****** 中新社天津2月3日电 题：天津湿地修复治理吸引候鸟“舞翩跹” 中新社记者 王君妍 天津环秀湖国家湿地公园，被群山环抱的开阔水面已结了厚厚的冰，一排排鸟类脚印密密麻麻地印在冰面上，形成一幅冬日“冰面画”。  图为航拍冬季下的环秀湖国家湿地公园。(无人机照片) 中新社记者 佟郁 摄在第27个“世界湿地日”，天津蓟州州河、下营环秀湖国家湿地公园正式授牌，标志着天津正式建成以4个湿地自然保护区为基础，5个湿地类型自然公园为补充的湿地保护体系。 “湿地被称为‘地球之肾’，在涵养水源、调节气候、维护生物多样性等方面有重要作用。”天津市规划和自然资源局湿地处处长郭秀民向记者介绍，目前，位于天津的七里海、北大港保护区已成为国家重要湿地，北大港湿地部分区域已被指定为国际重要湿地，全市湿地保护率达59%以上。 作为候鸟迁徙的重要枢纽，每年有大量候鸟自天津迁徙过境。 天津市滨海新区疆北湿地保护中心主任王建民是濒危物种东方白鹳的“超级粉丝”。曾成功救助过3只东方白鹳幼鸟并放飞的他，经常向记者分享南迁的三只东方白鹳的最新“打卡地”，以及有关候鸟与湿地的最新信息。 王建民发现，随着近年来天津湿地的保护和修复，生态环境得到了改善，鸟类种类增加，东方白鹳的数量也变多了。  图为环秀湖国家湿地公园授牌仪式。中新社记者 佟郁 摄天津市规划和自然资源局相关负责人介绍，迁徙过境天津的候鸟中，绝大部分为水鸟，喜欢在浅滩和浅水区觅食。为给候鸟提供充足食物，七里海、北大港、大黄堡、团泊湿地自然保护区分别联合科研机构，开展生物多样性和重要生态环境要素调查，及时掌握栖息地生态环境状况和候鸟食源情况，科学打造和调控适宜候鸟栖息的良好环境。 根据最新数据统计，天津市湿地总面积2886平方公里，其中陆域湿地2124平方公里，海域湿地762平方公里。七里海保护区完成了核心区苇海修复、鸟类保护、湿地生物链恢复与构建工程，通过自然恢复和人工辅助方式修复湿地植被1.6万亩。北大港保护区利用芦苇、盐地碱蓬等本土植物恢复湿地，治理外来入侵物种互花米草，结合生态补水和水环境治理，有水湿地面积由2017年的140平方公里增长到目前的260平方公里。 据介绍，“十四五”期间，天津将对《天津市湿地保护条例》进行全面修订，为天津市湿地保护提供法制保障；高标准编制实施《湿地保护规划》，加大自然保护区、湿地公园、海洋公园等湿地自然保护地保护修复力度。 “要推进全市湿地保护，不断提升湿地生态系统的多样性、稳定性和持续性，让更多的湿地得到保护修复。”天津市规划和自然资源局二级巡视员许朝说。(完)
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